Consonant inventory,,,,,,,,Vowel inventory,,,
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,Labial,Dental,Alveolar,Palatal,Velar,Glottal,,,Front,Central,Back
Plosive,"p, b (β, b̥)","t, d (ð, d̥)",,,"k, g (ɣ, ɡ̊)",,,Close,i,,u
Nasal,m,,n,,,,,Open-mid,e / ä / é [ɛ],,o / å / ó [ɔ]
Tap or Flap,,,ɾ,,,,,Open,,a [ɐ],
Trill,,,r,,,,,,,,
Fricative,ɸ ~ f,θ,"s, (z)",,,h,,,,,
Approximant,,,,j,w,,,,,,
Lat. Approximant,,,l,ʎ,,,,,,,Definite article,,,,,,Indefinite article,,,
,,,,,,,,,
Case,Singular,Paucal,Plural,Collective,,Case,Singular,Paucal,Plural
Nominative,Ner,Enera,Nerai,Neru,,Nominative,Ék(e),Ékar,Ékair
Accusative,-,,,,,Accusative,,,
Genitive,Na,Naba,Nala,Nasu,,Genitive,Ék(a),Éka,Ékai
Dative / Benefactive,Nai,Enaiba,Nailai,Naisu,,Dative / Benefactive,Ék(ai),Ékwa,Ékwai
Causal / FInal,Nen,,,,,Causal / FInal,,,
Stative Locative,No,Noba,Nolai,Nosu,,Stative Locative,Ék(o),,
Dynamic Locative,Nia,,Nialai,,,Dynamic Locative,,,
Instrumental,Nu,Enuba,Enulai,Enusu,,Instrumental,Ék(u),,
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Definite article can be dropped in both the nominative and the accusative cases,,,,,,,,,
Definite article is dropped before uncontable nouns,,,,,,,,,Personal pronouns,,,,,,,,,
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Person and gender,,Singular,,Paucal,,Plural,,Collective,
1st,Masc,Bekes,Kédras,Bemas,Bakéfras,Gemas,Kéfras,Semas,Sukéfras
,Fem,Gabek,Gakédra,Bagema,Gabakéfra,Gagema,Gakéfra,Sagema,Gasukéfra
,Neut,Bek,Kédra,Bema,Bakéfra,Gema,Kéfra,Sema,Sukéfra
,Inan,Abek,Akédra,Abagema,Abakéfra,Agema,Alaikéra,Asugema,Asukéfra
2nd,Masc,Mai,Kanmu,Bamai,Bakanmu,Laimai,Laikanmu,Sumai,Sukanmu
,Fem,Son,Kolos,Bason,Bakolos,Laison,Laikolos,Suson,Sukolos
,Neut,Lem,Kalag,Baloma,Bakondu,Loma,Kondu,Suloma,Sukondu
,Inan,Sondur,Sonkéthno,Sondura,Sonkéthnoba,Sondurai,Sonkéthnolai,Sonduru,Sonkéthnosu
3rd,Masc,Dami,Kurja,Damiba,Kurjaba,Damilai,Kurjalai,Damisu,Kurjasu
,Fem,Mina,Kroba,Minaba,Krobaba,Minalai,Krobalai,Minasu,Krobasu
,Neut,Nerjo,Kella,Feraba,Kigraba,Fera,Kigra,Ferasu,Kigrasu
,Inan,Dur,Kéthno,Dura,Kéthnoba,Durai,Kéthnolai,Duru,Kéthnosu
4th,Masc,Faja,Neuro,Fajaba,Neuroba,Fajalai,Neurolai,Fajasu,Neurosu
,Fem,Noma,Kalopsa,Nomaba,Kalopsaba,Nomalai,Kalopsalai,Nomasu,Kalopsasu
,Neut,Dré,Nimnari,Dréba,Nimnariba,Drélai,Nimnarilai,Drésu,Nimnarisu
,Inan,Gil,Songil,Gila,Songila,Gilai,Songilai,Gilu,Songilu
,Literary,Agil,Sonagil,Agila,Sonagila,Agilai,Sonagilai,Agilu,Sonagilu
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"*The literary pronoun is used when referring to the main antecedent in a sentence, which almost always is the subject of the former sentence, or the general topic of the conversation",,,,,,,,,Verb personal endings,,,,,,,,,
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Person and gender,,Singular,,Paucal,,Plural,,Collective,
1st,Masc,-be,-ber,-ka,-kar,-kai,-kail,-ku,-kus
,Fem,,,,,,,,
,Neut,,,,,,,,
,Inan,,,,,,,,
2nd,Masc,-le,-ler,-ma,-mar,-mai,-mail,-mu,-mus
,Fem,,,,,,,,
,Neut,,,,,,,,
,Inan,-so,,-na,,-nai,,-nu,
3rd,Masc,-mi,-mina,-na,-nar,-nai,-nail,-nu,-nus
,Fem,,,,,,,,
,Neut,,,,,,,,
,Inan,-du,,-ra,,-rai,,-ru,
4th,Masc,-,-i,-ba,-iba,-lai,-ilai,-su,-isu
,Fem,,,,,,,,
,Neut,,,,,,,,
,Inan,-gi,,-la,,-lai,,-lu,
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"I honestly don't know what purpose does this serve to this day, and probably never will",,,,,,,,,"Affixed verb moods, evidentials and polarity",,,,,,"If any infix is applied to a verb whose stem ends in the same consonant as the infix, the apenthetic prior vowel is not used",,,,
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Name,Formation pattern,Consonant contact,Vowel contact,Same consonant contact,,,,,,
Negative polarity,Ma- / Mak-,Makondasa,Makojakesa,Makomasa,,Mako,,,,
Deontic positive polarity,Ri- / Rion-,Rikondasa,Rionojakesa,Rionosa,,Rion,,,,
Deontic negative polarity,Tu- / Tun-,Tukondasa,Tunojakesa,Tunosa,,Tundaréna,"Can also be formed via the use of the adverb ""mako"" plus the deontic positive form",,,
Visual evidential,-(o)no-,Feronosa,Ojakonosa,Konosa,,Nosa,,,,
Ego evidential,-(e)be-,Usubesa,Ojakebesa,/,,Bek,,,,
Third evidential,-(i)kir-,Kekiresa,Ojakiresa,/,,Kirkk,,,,
Debitive / Necessitative mood,-(h)en-,Ramahensa,Ojakensa,Gilensa,,Girju,,,,
Optative mood,-gi,Gamasagi,,/,,Pau,,,,
Propositive mood,-bo,Enasmisabo,,/,,Bosa,,,,
Desiderative mood,-pai,Ménasapai,,/,,,,,,
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A particle for the mirative mood exists in the vocabulary,Jai,,All suffixes can replace -sa instead of going next to it in casual speech,Gamasagi > Gamagi,,Progressive / habitual aspect is marked by reduplication of the first syllable of the verb stem,Dajusa > Dadajusa,,Passive voice is marked by reduplication of the last stem syllable,Ronosa > Rononosa
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Aura Drégar tenses,,,,,,,,,,
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Tense,Old type 1/Ki verbs,Type 1/Ki verbs,Type 2/Sa verbs,,,,,,,
Far past,-lemi,-somi,-soja,,,,,,,
Intermediate / Unknown past,-romi,-mi,-ja,,,,,,,
Near past,-mi,-kami,-maja,,,,,,,
Present,-ki,-ki,-sa,,,,,,,
Gnomic,-,-kiki,-sasa,,,,,,,
Near future,-jo,-bijo,-lemu,,,,,,,
Intermediate / Unknown future,-rojo,-jo,-mu,,,,,,,
Far future,-lejo,-sojo,-somu,,,,,,,Ablauts,,,,,,
,,,,,,
Feature,-i,-u,-e,-o,-a,-C
Indicative mood,Kunisa,Gurusa,Lesa,Arkosa,Albasa,Hensa
Abilitive mood,Kunaisa,Gurésa,Lausa,Arkesa,Albaésa,Henósa
Subjunctive mood,Kunesa,Gurosa,Lasa,Arkausa,Albesa,Henisa
Abilitive subjunctive mood,Kuneisa,Gurósa,Leusa,Arkeusa,Albaisa,HenésaImperatives and jussives,,,,,,,,,,,,
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Verb endings,Imperatives,,,,,,Jussives,,,,,
,Type 1,Type 2,Type 3,Type 4,Type 5,Type 6,Type 1,Type 2,Type 3,Type 4,Type 5,Type 6
-i,Kunis,,Kunisé,Kunisér,Kunisel,Kunisao,Kunis,Kunise,Kunisai,Kuniser,Kinusol,Kuniseo
-u,Gurus,,Gurusé,Gurusér,Gurusel,Gurusao,Gurus,Guruse,Gurusai,Guruser,Gurusol,Guruseo
-e,Les,,Lesé,Lesér,Lesel,Lesao,Les,Lese,Lesai,Leser,Lesol,Leseo
-o,Arkos,,Arkosé,Arkosér,Arkosel,Arkosao,Arkos,Arkose,Arkosai,Arkoser,Arkosol,Arkoseo
-a,Albas,,Albasé,Albasér,Albasel,Albasao,Albas,Albase,Albasai,Albaser,Albasol,Albaseo
-C,Ojake,Ojakes,Ojakesé,Ojakesér,Ojakesel,Ojakesao,Ojakes,Ojakese,Ojakesai,Ojakeser,Ojakesol,Ojakeseo
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,,,Énas,Énasir,,,,,/,/ + -ir,,
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,-a / -sa,-a,-a -> -é,-a -> ér,-a -> el,+o,-a,-a -> -e,+i,-a -> -er,-a -> -ol,-a -> -eo
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,Type 1 - Rude / Pejorative,,,,,,,,,,,
,Type 2 - Authoritarian (also can be used with close friends with whom you trust,,,,,,,,,,,
,Type 3 - Standard / Neutral / Close adviser,,,,,,,,,,,
,Type 4 - Distant / Formal / Adviser,,,,,,,,,,,
,Type 5 - Honorific,,,,,,,,,,,
,Type 6 - Beggar,,,,,,,,,,,VOWEL ENDING,,,,,GRAMMATICAL CASES,,,,,,GRAMMATICAL CASES (special case for Nimnari),,,,
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,Casual,Neutral,Highlighted,,Case,Singular,Paucal,Plural,Collective,,Case,Singular,Paucal,Plural,Collective
Singular,Rakja,Rakja,Rakjar,,Nominative,-(n)ér(ir),-(n)éra(r),-(n)érai(r),-(n)éru(r),,Nominative,Nimnari,,,Nimnarisir
Paucal,Rakjab,Rakjaba,Rakjabab,,Accusative,-Ø(ir),-(a)ba(b),-(i)lai(l),-(u)su(s),,Accusative,,,,
Plural,Rakjal,Rakjalai,Rakjalail,,Genitive,-(k)a(r),-(k)ab(a),-(k)al(a),-(k)as(a),,Genitive,Nimnarikar,Nimnarika,Nimnarikal,Nimnarikas
Collective,Rakjas,Rakjasu,Rakjasus,,Dative / Benefactive,-(d)ai(r),-(d)aib(a),-(d)ail(a),-(d)ais(a),,Dative / Benefactive,Nimnaridair,Nimnaridai,,Nimnaridais
,,,,,Causal / Final,-(m)en(ir),-(m)ena(r),-(m)enai(r),-(m)enu(r),,Causal / Final,,,,
CONSONANT ENDING,,,,,Stative Locative,-(d)o(r),-(d)ob(o),-(d)ol(o),-(d)os(o),,Stative Locative,Nimnarido,,,Nimnaria
,,,,,Dynamic Locative,-ja / -ia(r),-jab / -iab(a),-jal / -ial(a),-jas / -ias(a),,Dynamic Locative,Nimnaria,,,
,Casual,Neutral,Highlighted,,Instrumental,-(n)u(r),-(n)ub(u),-(n)ul(u),-(n)us(u),,Instrumental,Nimnarinu,,,
Singular,Ithkan,Ithkan,Ithkanir,,,,,,,,,,,,
Paucal,Ithkana,Ithkanaba,Ithkanabab,,,,,,,,,,,,
Plural,Ithkani,Ithkanilai,Ithkanilail,,,,,,,,,,,,
Collective,Ithkanu,Ithkanusu,Ithkanusus,,,,,,,,,,,,Verb aspects,,,,
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Name,Formation pattern,Vowel contact,Consonant contact,Same consonant contact
Progressive / habitual,Reduplication of first stem syllable,Dadajusa,,
Intensive,Son-,Sonojakesa,Sondajusa,Sonemasa
Inceptive,Ar-,Arenasmisa,Arlamasa,Arakjasa
Cessative,Ra- / Rag-,Ragimasa,Rakomasa,Ragojasa
Continuative,Son- + reduplication of first stem syllable,Songagamasa,,NOMINATIVE CASE,,,,,ACCUSSATIVE CASE,,,,,GENITIVE CASE,,,,,DATIVE/BENEFACTIVE CASE,,,
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Case,Casual,Standard,Formal,,,Casual,Neutral,Highlighted,,,Casual,Neutral,Highlighted,,,Casual,Neutral,Highlighted
Singular,-(n)ér,,-(n)érir,,Singular,-,,-(i)r,,Singular,-(k)a,,-(k)ar,,Singular,-(d)ai,,-(d)air
Paucal,-(n)éra,-(n)érab,-(n)érar,,Paucal,-,-(a)ba,-(a)bab,,Paucal,-(k)a,-(k)ab,-(k)aba,,Paucal,-(d)ai,-(d)aib,-(d)aiba
Plural,-(n)érai,-(n)érail,-(n)érair,,Plural,-(i)l,-(i)lai,-(i)lail,,Plural,-(k)al,,-(k)ala,,Plural,-(d)ail,,-(d)aila
Collective,-(n)éru,-(n)érus,-(n)érur,,Collective,-(u)s,-(u)su,-(u)sus,,Collective,-(k)as,,-(k)asa,,Collective,-(d)ais,,-(d)aisa
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NOMINATIVE CASE,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
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Case,Casual,Standard,Formal,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Singular,-(n)é,-(n)ér,-(n)érir,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Paucal,-(n)éba,-(n)éra,-(n)érab / -(n)érar,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Plural,-(n)élai,-(n)érai,-(n)érail / -(n)érair,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Collective,-(n)ésu,-(n)éru,-(n)érus / -(n)érur,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
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Proper names don't need toinflect for nominative (still can optionally),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Personal pronoun declension chart,,,,,,Mai personal pronoun declension chart,,,,,,Mai personal pronoun declension chart,,,,
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Case,Singular,Paucal,Plural,Collective,,Case,Singular,Paucal,Plural,Collective,,Case,Singular,Paucal,Plural,Collective
Nominative,Bek,Bema,Gema,Sema,,Nominative,Mai,Bai,Lai,Sai,,Nominative,Son,Bon,Lon,Sonus
Accusative,,,,,,Accusative,,,,,,Accusative,,,,
Genitive,Beka,Gemal,,Gemas,,Genitive,Ma,Laima,,Suma,,Genitive,Sona,Sonal,,Sonas
Dative / Benefactive,Bekai,Gemail,,Gemais,,Dative / Benefactive,Majai,Lajai,,Sumai,,Dative / Benefactive,Sonai,Sonail,,Sonais
Causal / FInal,Beken,,,,,Causal / FInal,Majen,,,,,Causal / FInal,Sonen,,,
Stative Locative,Beko,Gemado,Gemadol,Gemados,,Stative Locative,Majo,Bajo,Lajo,Sajo,,Stative Locative,Sono,Bondo,Londo,Sonos
Dynamic Locative,Bekia,,Gemajal,,,Dynamic Locative,Maja,,Laja,,,Dynamic Locative,Sonia,,Londia,
Instrumental,Beku,Gemanu,Gemanul,Gemanus,,Instrumental,Mainu,Baju,Laju,Sumaju,,Instrumental,Sonu,Bonu,Lonu,Sonus
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"Note that the pronoun pair bek/gema has been used here as an example, but this chart applies to all pronouns",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
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Miscellaneous forms,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
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Reflexive,Ta-,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Reciprocal (only to be used with paucal, plural, or collective pronouns)",Lo-,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
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*both from Drägar verb aspects,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,